Logo

github Download
acra-rollback

acra-rollback #

acra-rollback is a command-line utility that helps you to generate a clean SQL dump from an existing protected one. Rollback utility especially applicable in case of any DB rollback - keys re-generating, going from a Zoneless mode to Zones or vice-versa etc.

Zones are deprecated since 0.94.0, will be removed in 0.95.0.

Command line flags #

General flags #

  • --mysql_enable={true|false}

    Handle MySQL connections. Default is false.

  • --postgresql_enable={true|false}

    Handle PostgreSQL connections. Default is false.

  • --client_id=<id>

    ClientID that will be used for all encrypted data. All data returned by a query specified in --select=<select_query> parameter should be encrypted only with this ClientID.

  • --connection_string=<connection_string>

    Connection string for DB in format dbname=<DBNAME> host=<HOST> port=<PORT> user=<USER> password=<PASSWORD>.

  • --select=<select_query>

    Query to fetch data for decryption.

  • --insert=<insert_query>

    Query to insert decrypted data with placeholders (pg: $n, mysql: ?).

  • --zonemode_enable={true|false}

    Turn on zone mode (deprecated since 0.94.0, will be removed in 0.95.0). Default is false.

  • --execute={true|false}

    Execute inserts. Default is false.

  • --escape={true|false}

    Encode binary data with bytea type into the escape format if true. Otherwise, into the hex format. Applicable only with --postgresql_enable flag.

    MySQL hexadecimal literals will be used only in case of --mysql_enable. Default is false.

Storage destination #

Filesystem #

  • --keys_dir=<path>

    Path to keystore folder. Default is .acrakeys.

  • --output_file=<path>

    File for store inserts queries. Default is decrypted.sql.

TLS #

  • --tls_database_enabled=<true|false>

    Turns on/off TLS for connection with Database to --db_connection_string.

    • true — turns on
    • false — (default) turns off.

  • --tls_auth=<mode>

    Set authentication mode that will be used for TLS connection.

    • 0 — do not request client certificate, ignore it if received;
    • 1 — request client certificate, but don’t require it;
    • 2 — expect to receive at least one certificate to continue the handshake;
    • 3 — don’t require client certificate, but validate it if client actually sent it;
    • 4 — (default) request and validate client certificate.

    These values correspond to crypto.tls.ClientAuthType.

  • --tls_key=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate’s private key of the TLS certificate presented to Database (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default.

  • --tls_cert=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate presented to Database (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default.

  • --tls_ca=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate’s CA certificate for Database certificate validation (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default.

  • --tls_crl_url=<url>

    URL of the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) to use. Empty by default.

    Can be either http:// or file:// (for local files). When using local file, Acra will simply read the file and won’t monitor filesystem for changes afterwards. Usual caching rules apply (see --tls_crl_cache_time).

  • --tls_crl_from_cert=<policy>

    How to treat CRL’s URL described in a certificate itself

    • use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
    • trust — try first URL from certificate, if it does not contain checked certificate, stop further checks
    • prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
    • ignore — completely ignore CRL’s URL(s) specified in certificate

  • --tls_crl_cache_size=<count>

    How many CRLs to cache in memory. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 1000000. Default is 16. Cache uses LRU policy.

  • --tls_crl_cache_time=<seconds>

    How long to keep CRLs cached, in seconds. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 300 seconds. Default is 0.

  • --tls_crl_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

    This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.

    • true — validate only leaf certificate
    • false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates

    This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no CRL’s URL configured and there is no CRL’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know which CRLs could be used for validation.

  • --tls_ocsp_required=<policy>

    How to handle situation when OCSP server doesn’t know about requested certificate and returns “Unknown”.

    • denyUnknown — (default) consider “Unknown” response an error, certificate will be rejected
    • allowUnknown — reverse of denyUnknown, allow certificates unknown to OCSP server
    • requireGood — require all known OCSP servers to respond “Good” in order to allow certificate and continue TLS handshake, this includes all URLs validator can use, from certificate (if not ignored) and from configuration

  • --tls_ocsp_url=<url>

    URL of OCSP service. Empty by default.

    Should point to HTTP server that accepts application/ocsp-request MIME type and responds with application/ocsp-response.

  • --tls_ocsp_from_cert=<policy>

    How to treat OCSP server URL described in a certificate itself.

    • use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
    • trust — try URL(s) from certificate, if server returns “Valid”, stop further checks
    • prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
    • ignore — completely ignore OCSP’s URL(s) specified in certificate

  • --tls_ocsp_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

    This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.

    • true — validate only leaf certificate
    • false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates

    This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no OCSP’s URL configured and there is no OCSP’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know whom to ask about them.

  • --tls_database_auth=<mode>

    Set authentication mode that will be used for TLS connection with a database. Possible values are the same as for --tls_auth. Overrides the --tls_auth setting. Default is -1 which means “take value of --tls_auth”.

  • --tls_database_key=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate’s private key of the TLS certificate presented to Database (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_key flag.

  • --tls_database_cert=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate presented to Database (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_cert flag.

  • --tls_database_ca=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate’s CA certificate for Database certificate validation (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_ca flag.

  • --tls_crl_database_from_cert=<policy>

    How to treat CRL’s URL described in a certificate itself (overrides --tls_crl_from_cert).

    • use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
    • trust — try first URL from certificate, if it does not contain checked certificate, stop further checks
    • prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
    • ignore — completely ignore CRL’s URL(s) specified in certificate

  • --tls_crl_database_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

    This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.

    • true — validate only leaf certificate
    • false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates

    This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no CRL’s URL configured and there is no CRL’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know which CRLs could be used for validation.

  • --tls_crl_database_cache_size=<count>

    How many CRLs to cache in memory (overrides --tls_crl_cache_size). Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 1000000. Default is 16. Cache uses LRU policy.

  • --tls_crl_database_cache_time=<seconds>

    How long to keep CRLs cached, in seconds (overrides --tls_crl_cache_time). Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 300 seconds. Default is 0.

  • --tls_database_sni=<SNI>

    Expected Server Name (SNI) of a database. Empty by default which means “don’t check the SNI sent by a database”.

  • --tls_ocsp_database_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

    This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate (overrides --tls_ocsp_check_only_leaf_certificate).

    • true — validate only leaf certificate
    • false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates

  • --tls_ocsp_database_url=<url>

    URL of OCSP service. Empty by default.

    Should point to HTTP server that accepts application/ocsp-request MIME type and responds with application/ocsp-response.

  • --tls_ocsp_database_from_cert=<policy>

    How to treat OCSP server URL described in a certificate itself (overrides --tls_ocsp_database_from_cert).

    • use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
    • trust — try URL(s) from certificate, if server returns “Valid”, stop further checks
    • prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
    • ignore — completely ignore OCSP’s URL(s) specified in certificate

  • --tls_ocsp_database_required=<policy>

    How to handle situation when OCSP server doesn’t know about requested certificate and returns “Unknown” (overrides --tls_ocsp_required).

    • denyUnknown — (default) consider “Unknown” response an error, certificate will be rejected
    • allowUnknown — reverse of denyUnknown, allow certificates unknown to OCSP server
    • requireGood — require all known OCSP servers to respond “Good” in order to allow certificate and continue TLS handshake, this includes all URLs validator can use, from certificate (if not ignored) and from configuration

Keystore #

  • --keystore_encryption_type=<strategy>

    Keystore encryption strategy. Currently supported strategies:

    • env_master_key (Default) - Keystore using Acra Master Key, loaded from ENV (ACRA_MASTER_KEY) variable;
    • vault_master_key - Keystore using Acra Master Key, loaded from Hashicorp Vault
    • kms_encrypted_master_key - Keystore using Acra Master Key, loaded from ENV ACRA_MASTER_KEY variable and decrypted via KMS key-encryption key.
    • kms_per_client - Keystore using KMS for decryption Acra keys per ClientID and ZoneID (zones are deprecated since 0.94.0, will be removed in 0.95.0).

KMS #

  • --kms_type=<type>

    Specify your KMS. Currently supported KMS types:

    • aws - AWS Key Management Service

  • --kms_credentials_path=<filepath>

    A path to a file with KMS credentials JSON format.

    Example of KMS config:

  • AWS:

       {"access_key_id":"<access_key_id>","secret_access_key":"<secret_access_key>","region":"<region>"}
Note: Should be provided only with --keystore_encryption_type=<kms_encrypted_master_key|kms_per_client> flags.

Hashicorp Vault #

acra-addzone (deprecated since 0.94.0, will be removed in 0.95.0) can read ACRA_MASTER_KEY from HashiCorp Vault instead of environment variable.

  • --vault_connection_api_string=<url>

    Connection string (like http://x.x.x.x:yyyy) for loading ACRA_MASTER_KEY from HashiCorp Vault. Default is empty (ACRA_MASTER_KEY environment variable is expected).

  • --vault_secrets_path=<path>

    KV Secret Path for reading ACRA_MASTER_KEY from HashiCorp Vault. Default is secret/.

  • --vault_tls_transport_enable=<true|false>

    Turns on/off TLS for connection with vault to --vault_connection_api_string endpoint.

    • true — turns on
    • false — (default) turns off.

  • --vault_tls_client_auth=<mode>

    Set authentication mode that will be used for TLS connection with Vault.

    • 0 — do not request client certificate, ignore it if received;
    • 1 — request client certificate, but don’t require it;
    • 2 — expect to receive at least one certificate to continue the handshake;
    • 3 — don’t require client certificate, but validate it if client actually sent it;
    • 4 — (default) request and validate client certificate.

    These values correspond to crypto.tls.ClientAuthType. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_auth flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_ca_path=<filename>

    Path to CA certificate for HashiCorp Vault certificate validation. Default is empty (deprecated since 0.94.0, use vault_tls_client_ca instead).

  • --vault_tls_client_ca=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate’s CA certificate for Vault certificate validation (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Vault). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_ca flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_client_cert=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate presented to Vault (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Vault). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_cert flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_client_key=<filename>

    Path to acra-rollback TLS certificate’s private key of the TLS certificate presented to Vault (acra-rollback works as “client” when communicating with Vault). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_key flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_client_sni=<SNI>

    Expected Server Name (SNI) of the Vault instance. Will be used --vault_connection_api_string value if is empty. Empty by default.

  • --vault_tls_crl_client_cache_size=<count>

    How many CRLs to cache in memory in connections to Vault. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 1000000. Default is 16. Cache uses LRU policy. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_crl_cache_size flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_crl_client_cache_time=<seconds>

    How long to keep CRLs cached, in seconds for connections to Vault. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 300 seconds. Default is 0. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_crl_cache_time flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_crl_client_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

    This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when Vault certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.

    • true — validate only leaf certificate
    • false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates

    This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no CRL’s URL configured and there is no CRL’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know which CRLs could be used for validation. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_crl_check_only_leaf_certificate flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_crl_client_from_cert=<policy>

    How to treat CRL’s URL described in a certificate from Vault server/agent

    • use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
    • trust — try first URL from certificate, if it does not contain checked certificate, stop further checks
    • prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
    • ignore — completely ignore CRL’s URL(s) specified in certificate

    “URL from configuration” above means the one configured with --vault_tls_crl_client_url flags. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_crl_from_cert flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_crl_client_url=<url>

    CRL’s URL for outcoming TLS connections to Vault. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_crl_url flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_ocsp_client_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

    This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when Vault certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.

    • true — validate only leaf certificate
    • false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates

    This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no OCSP’s URL configured and there is no OCSP’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know whom to ask about them. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_ocsp_check_only_leaf_certificate flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_ocsp_client_from_cert=<policy>

    How to treat OCSP server URL described in a certificate from Vault server.

    • use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
    • trust — try URL(s) from certificate, if server returns “Valid”, stop further checks
    • prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
    • ignore — completely ignore OCSP’s URL(s) specified in certificate

    “URL from configuration” above means the one configured with --vault_tls_ocsp_client_url flags. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_ocsp_from_cert flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_ocsp_client_required=<policy>

    How to handle situation when OCSP server doesn’t know about requested Vault certificate and returns “Unknown”.

    • denyUnknown — (default) consider “Unknown” response an error, certificate will be rejected
    • allowUnknown — reverse of denyUnknown, allow certificates unknown to OCSP server
    • requireGood — require all known OCSP servers to respond “Good” in order to allow certificate and continue TLS handshake, this includes all URLs validator can use, from certificate (if not ignored) and from configuration If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_ocsp_required flag. (since 0.96.0)

  • --vault_tls_ocsp_client_url=<url>

    OCSP service URL for outgoing TLS connections to check Vaults' certificates. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-rollback uses value from --tls_ocsp_url flag. (since 0.96.0)

Note: Should be provided only with --keystore_encryption_type=<vault_master_key> flag.

Usage example #

Note: Starting from Acra v.0.77.0, acra-rollback requires Go version >= 1.8.

Single-quote syntax with $ escaping:

acra-rollback \
    --client_id=client \
    --postgresql_enable \
    --connection_string="dbname=acra user=postgres password=postgres host=127.0.0.1 port=5432" \
    --output_file=out.txt \
    --select="select data from test_example_without_zone;" \
    --insert="insert into test_example_without_zone values(\$1);"

Double-quote syntax:

acra-rollback \
    --client_id=client \
    --postgresql_enable \
    --connection_string="dbname=acra user=postgres password=postgres host=127.0.0.1 port=5432" \
    --output_file=out.txt \
    --select="select data from test_example_without_zone;" \
    --insert='insert into test_example_without_zone values($1);'

ZoneMode #

Zones are deprecated since 0.94.0, will be removed in 0.95.0.

acra-rollback supports work with zones, you can configure it via zonemode_enable flag. If Zones are enabled, make sure you have Zone ID in your SELECT query:

select zone_id, encrypted_data from some_table;

Saving decrypted data to file #

Instead of inserting data back into the database, you can write it to the output file, to handle it later. To do it, change the INSERT query to a simple $1;, like this:

acra-rollback \
    --client_id=client \
    --postgresql_enable \
    --connection_string="dbname=acra user=postgres password=postgres host=127.0.0.1 port=5432" \
    --output_file=data.txt \
    --select="select data from test_example_without_zone;" \
    --insert='$1;'
Note: Currently acra-rollback ignores poison records. Security-wise, the consideration is that if you can run CLI commands on the server that holds all the private keys, you can compromise the system anyway.
Edit Edit this page