read #

read is acra-keys subcommand used for reading keys from keystore in a plaintext.

Command line flags #

General flags #

--private 🔴

Read private key of the keypair.
--public 🔴

Read public key of the keypair.

TLS (available since 0.96.0) #

--tls_auth=<mode>

Set authentication mode that will be used for TLS connection.
- 0 — do not request client certificate, ignore it if received;
- 1 — request client certificate, but don’t require it;
- 2 — expect to receive at least one certificate to continue the handshake;
- 3 — don’t require client certificate, but validate it if client actually sent it;
- 4 — (default) request and validate client certificate.
These values correspond to crypto.tls.ClientAuthType.
--tls_key=<filename>

Path to acra-keys TLS certificate’s private key of the TLS certificate presented to Database (acra-keys works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default.
--tls_cert=<filename>

Path to acra-keys TLS certificate presented to Database (acra-keys works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default.
--tls_ca=<filename>

Path to acra-keys TLS certificate’s CA certificate for Database certificate validation (acra-keys works as “client” when communicating with Database). Empty by default.
--tls_crl_url=<url>

URL of the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) to use. Empty by default.

Can be either http:// or file:// (for local files). When using local file, Acra will simply read the file and won’t monitor filesystem for changes afterwards. Usual caching rules apply (see --tls_crl_cache_time).
--tls_crl_from_cert=<policy>

How to treat CRL’s URL described in a certificate itself
- use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
- trust — try first URL from certificate, if it does not contain checked certificate, stop further checks
- prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
- ignore — completely ignore CRL’s URL(s) specified in certificate
--tls_crl_cache_size=<count>

How many CRLs to cache in memory. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 1000000. Default is 16. Cache uses LRU policy.
--tls_crl_cache_time=<seconds>

How long to keep CRLs cached, in seconds. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 300 seconds. Default is 0.
--tls_crl_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.
- true — validate only leaf certificate
- false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates
This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no CRL’s URL configured and there is no CRL’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know which CRLs could be used for validation.
--tls_ocsp_required=<policy>

How to handle situation when OCSP server doesn’t know about requested certificate and returns “Unknown”.
- denyUnknown — (default) consider “Unknown” response an error, certificate will be rejected
- allowUnknown — reverse of denyUnknown, allow certificates unknown to OCSP server
- requireGood — require all known OCSP servers to respond “Good” in order to allow certificate and continue TLS handshake, this includes all URLs validator can use, from certificate (if not ignored) and from configuration
--tls_ocsp_url=<url>

URL of OCSP service. Empty by default.

Should point to HTTP server that accepts application/ocsp-request MIME type and responds with application/ocsp-response.
--tls_ocsp_from_cert=<policy>

How to treat OCSP server URL described in a certificate itself.
- use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
- trust — try URL(s) from certificate, if server returns “Valid”, stop further checks
- prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
- ignore — completely ignore OCSP’s URL(s) specified in certificate
--tls_ocsp_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.
- true — validate only leaf certificate
- false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates
This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no OCSP’s URL configured and there is no OCSP’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know whom to ask about them.

Storage destination #

Filesystem #

--keys_dir=<path>

Path to keystore directory. Default is .acrakeys.
--keys_dir_public=<path>

Path to key directory for public keys.

Redis #

--redis_db_keys=<number>

Redis database number to use. Default is 0.
--redis_host_port=<host:port>

Address of Redis database to use as keystore. If not specified, Redis is not used.
--redis_password=<password>

Password to Redis database.
--redis_tls_client_auth=<mode>

Set authentication mode that will be used for TLS connection with Redis.
- -1 — not specified, common --tls_ca value will be used.
- 1 — request client certificate, but don’t require it;
- 2 — expect to receive at least one certificate to continue the handshake;
- 3 — don’t require client certificate, but validate it if client actually sent it;
- 4 — (default) request and validate client certificate.
These values correspond to crypto.tls.ClientAuthType.
--redis_tls_client_ca=<filename>

Path to additional CA certificate for Redis' certificate validation. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ca flag.
--redis_tls_client_cert=<filename>

Path to TLS certificate presented to Redis. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_cert flag.
--redis_tls_client_key=<filename>

Path to private key of the TLS certificate presented to Redis. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_key flag.
--redis_tls_client_sni=<SNI>

Expected Server Name (SNI) of the Redis instance. Will be used --redis_host_port value if is empty. Empty by default.
--redis_tls_crl_client_cache_size=<count>

How many CRLs to cache in memory in connections to Redis. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 1000000. Default is 16. Cache uses LRU policy. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_cache_size flag.
--redis_tls_crl_client_cache_time=<seconds>

How long to keep CRLs cached, in seconds for connections to Redis. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 300 seconds. Default is 0. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_cache_time flag.
--redis_tls_crl_client_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when Redis' certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.
- true — validate only leaf certificate
- false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates
This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no CRL’s URL configured and there is no CRL’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know which CRLs could be used for validation. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_check_only_leaf_certificate flag.
--redis_tls_crl_client_from_cert=<policy>

How to treat CRL’s URL described in a certificate from Redis server
- use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
- trust — try first URL from certificate, if it does not contain checked certificate, stop further checks
- prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
- ignore — completely ignore CRL’s URL(s) specified in certificate
“URL from configuration” above means the one configured with --redis_tls_crl_client_url flags. See Configuring & maintaining > TLS > CRL. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_from_cert flag.
--redis_tls_crl_client_url=<url>

CRL’s URL for outcoming TLS connections to Redis. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_url flag.
--redis_tls_enable=<true|false>

Turns on/off TLS for connection with Redis to --redis_host_port endpoint.
- true — turns on
- false — (default) turns off.
--redis_tls_ocsp_client_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when Redis' certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.
- true — validate only leaf certificate
- false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates
This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no OCSP’s URL configured and there is no OCSP’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know whom to ask about them. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_check_only_leaf_certificate flag.
--redis_tls_ocsp_client_from_cert=<policy>

How to treat OCSP server URL described in a certificate from Redis server
- use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
- trust — try URL(s) from certificate, if server returns “Valid”, stop further checks
- prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
- ignore — completely ignore OCSP’s URL(s) specified in certificate
“URL from configuration” above means the one configured with --redis_tls_ocsp_client_url flags, see Configuring & maintaining > TLS > OCSP. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_from_cert flag.
--redis_tls_ocsp_client_required=<policy>

How to handle situation when OCSP server doesn’t know about requested Redis' certificate and returns “Unknown”.
- denyUnknown — (default) consider “Unknown” response an error, certificate will be rejected
- allowUnknown — reverse of denyUnknown, allow certificates unknown to OCSP server
- requireGood — require all known OCSP servers to respond “Good” in order to allow certificate and continue TLS handshake, this includes all URLs validator can use, from certificate (if not ignored) and from configuration If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_required flag.
--redis_tls_ocsp_client_url=<url>

OCSP service URL for outgoing TLS connections to check Redis' certificates. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_url flag.

Keystore #

--keystore_encryption_type=<strategy>

Keystore encryption strategy. Currently supported strategies:
- env_master_key (Default) - Keystore using Acra Master Key, loaded from ENV (ACRA_MASTER_KEY) variable;
- vault_master_key - Keystore using Acra Master Key, loaded from Hashicorp Vault
- kms_encrypted_master_key - Keystore using Acra Master Key, loaded from ENV ACRA_MASTER_KEY variable and decrypted via KMS key-encryption key.
- kms_per_client - Keystore using KMS for decryption Acra keys per ClientID and ZoneID (zones are deprecated since 0.94.0, will be removed in 0.95.0). Create new KMS zone key-encryption key if not present on KMS.

KMS #

--kms_type=<type>

Specify your KMS. Currently supported KMS types:
- aws - AWS Key Management Service
--kms_credentials_path=<filepath>

A path to a file with KMS credentials JSON format.

Example of KMS config:

AWS:

   {"access_key_id":"<access_key_id>","secret_access_key":"<secret_access_key>","region":"<region>"}

Note: Should be provided only with --keystore_encryption_type=<kms_encrypted_master_key|kms_per_client> flags.

HashiCorp Vault #

acra-keys can read ACRA_MASTER_KEY from HashiCorp Vault instead of environment variable.

--vault_connection_api_string=<url>

Connection string (like http://x.x.x.x:yyyy) for loading ACRA_MASTER_KEY from HashiCorp Vault. Default is empty (ACRA_MASTER_KEY environment variable is expected).
--vault_secrets_path=<path>

KV Secret Path for reading ACRA_MASTER_KEY from HashiCorp Vault. Default is secret/.
--vault_tls_transport_enable=<true|false>

Turns on/off TLS for connection with vault to --vault_connection_api_string endpoint.
- true — turns on
- false — (default) turns off.
--vault_tls_client_auth=<mode>

Set authentication mode that will be used for TLS connection with Vault.
- 0 — do not request client certificate, ignore it if received;
- 1 — request client certificate, but don’t require it;
- 2 — expect to receive at least one certificate to continue the handshake;
- 3 — don’t require client certificate, but validate it if client actually sent it;
- 4 — (default) request and validate client certificate.
These values correspond to crypto.tls.ClientAuthType. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_auth flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_ca_path=<filename>

Path to CA certificate for HashiCorp Vault certificate validation. Default is empty (deprecated since 0.94.0, use vault_tls_client_ca instead).
--vault_tls_client_ca=<filename>

Path to acra-keys TLS certificate’s CA certificate for Vault certificate validation (acra-keys works as “client” when communicating with Vault). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ca flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_client_cert=<filename>

Path to acra-keys TLS certificate presented to Vault (acra-keys works as “client” when communicating with Vault). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_cert flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_client_key=<filename>

Path to acra-keys TLS certificate’s private key of the TLS certificate presented to Vault (acra-keys works as “client” when communicating with Vault). Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_key flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_client_sni=<SNI>

Expected Server Name (SNI) of the Vault instance. Will be used --vault_connection_api_string value if is empty. Empty by default.
--vault_tls_crl_client_cache_size=<count>

How many CRLs to cache in memory in connections to Vault. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 1000000. Default is 16. Cache uses LRU policy. If not specified, acra-keys uses from --tls_crl_cache_size flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_crl_client_cache_time=<seconds>

How long to keep CRLs cached, in seconds for connections to Vault. Use 0 to disable caching. Maximum is 300 seconds. Default is 0. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_cache_time flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_crl_client_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when Vault certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.
- true — validate only leaf certificate
- false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates
This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no CRL’s URL configured and there is no CRL’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know which CRLs could be used for validation. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_check_only_leaf_certificate flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_crl_client_from_cert=<policy>

How to treat CRL’s URL described in a certificate from Vault server/agent
- use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
- trust — try first URL from certificate, if it does not contain checked certificate, stop further checks
- prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
- ignore — completely ignore CRL’s URL(s) specified in certificate
“URL from configuration” above means the one configured with --vault_tls_crl_client_url flags. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_from_cert flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_crl_client_url=<url>

CRL’s URL for outcoming TLS connections to Vault. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_crl_url flag.
--vault_tls_ocsp_client_check_only_leaf_certificate={true|false}

This flag controls behavior of validator in cases when Vault certificate chain contains at least one intermediate certificate.
- true — validate only leaf certificate
- false — (default) validate leaf certificate and all intermediate certificates
This option may be enabled in cases when intermediate CAs are trusted and there is no need to verify them all the time. Also, even if this flag is false but there is no OCSP’s URL configured and there is no OCSP’s URL in intermediate CA certificates, these intermediate CAs won’t be validated since we don’t know whom to ask about them. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_check_only_leaf_certificate flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_ocsp_client_from_cert=<policy>

How to treat OCSP server URL described in a certificate from Vault server.
- use — try URL(s) from certificate after the one from configuration (if set)
- trust — try URL(s) from certificate, if server returns “Valid”, stop further checks
- prefer — (default) try URL(s) from certificate before the one from configuration (if set)
- ignore — completely ignore OCSP’s URL(s) specified in certificate
“URL from configuration” above means the one configured with --vault_tls_ocsp_client_url flags. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_from_cert flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_ocsp_client_required=<policy>

How to handle situation when OCSP server doesn’t know about requested Vault certificate and returns “Unknown”.
- denyUnknown — (default) consider “Unknown” response an error, certificate will be rejected
- allowUnknown — reverse of denyUnknown, allow certificates unknown to OCSP server
- requireGood — require all known OCSP servers to respond “Good” in order to allow certificate and continue TLS handshake, this includes all URLs validator can use, from certificate (if not ignored) and from configuration If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_required flag. (since 0.96.0)
--vault_tls_ocsp_client_url=<url>

OCSP service URL for outgoing TLS connections to check Vaults' certificates. Empty by default. If not specified, acra-keys uses value from --tls_ocsp_url flag. (since 0.96.0)

Note: Should be provided only with --keystore_encryption_type=<vault_master_key> flag.

🔴 - flags required to be specified.

Usage example #

For example, lets generate storage keys using generate subcommand:

Note: Make sure you have set ACRA_MASTER_KEY env variable for keystore v1.

$ acra-keys generate --client_id=user1 --keystore=v1 --client_storage_key

INFO[0000] Initializing ACRA_MASTER_KEY loader...       
INFO[0000] Initialized default env ACRA_MASTER_KEY loader 
INFO[0000] Generated client storage key

Now we can use read subcommand to get private|public key of the keypair in a plaintext:

$ acra-keys read --private client/user1/storage

INFO[0000] Initializing ACRA_MASTER_KEY loader...       
INFO[0000] Initialized default env ACRA_MASTER_KEY loader 
�"�����\m�M��0T���
                  d$��PA�
]���

Note: Currently, only some key kinds are supported for printing via read subcommand. Here is the list of supported key kinds:

poison-record public, private

client/<client ID>/storage public, private

client/<client ID>/symmetric

zone/<zone ID>/storage public, private (deprecated since 0.94.0)

zone/<zone ID>/symmetric (deprecated since 0.94.0)